Health Issues


Feline Upper Respiratory Disease



Aaron C. Rainer, D.V.M., M.P.H.
East Lake Veterinary Clinic
Killeen, TX
http://www.eastlakevet.org
Upper Respiratory Disease is a common, highly contagious condition often seen in cats. Cats that have an upper respiratory disease usually have been exposed to either a virus (herpesvirus or calicivirus) or bacteria (Chlamydia). The typical presentation of signs includes any combination of the following: sneezing, nasal discharge, runny eyes, cough, oral or nasal ulcers, sniffles, fever, or hoarse voice. Although this particular infection is usually not life threatening, serious complications can arise, particularly when cats stop eating or drinking and become dehydrated.



Risk Population

It is important to know that most cats are at a low risk of ever contracting the infection, particularly if they are vaccinated annually. In order for an indoor cat to get the infection, it must either share the same household with a cat that has the infection or share an infected cat’s toys, food/water bowls, etc. Most commonly, infected cats are those that are housed in multi-cat housing, as in a shelter environment, or are outdoor cats and experience a certain amount of stress. If exposed, stress and overcrowding can predispose a cat to acquire this infection. The population of cats that are most susceptible to these agents is the kitten population. The reason for this phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that their immune systems are underdeveloped and cannot fight infection as readily as adult cats. However, the indoor only cat that is not exposed to any other cats is unlikely to get upper respiratory disease.



Infection FYI

The term upper respiratory disease is an umbrella term that includes causes of infection such as herpesvirus, calicivirus, and Chlamydia. In cats with upper respiratory symptoms, 90% of those are infected with either herpesvirus or calicivirus. Only about 10% of these cases have a Chlamydial infection. All of these organisms, however, cause similar signs and can be exacerbated by environmental stress and can be recurrent. Diagnosis of a specific cause of the upper respiratory infection is usually based on clinical signs in most cases. Using a DNA test can isolate some viruses. However, due to economic factors and test sensitivity this method is usually not chosen today.



Treatment and Prevention/Palliation

There are many options to choose from when treating upper respiratory infections that often include, but are not limited to antibiotics, antihistamines, topical antivirals, and/or oral lysine (inhibits herpesvirus). Vaccination against this group of upper respiratory invaders is absolutely essential. Although vaccination is not 100% in preventing infection, the goal is to lessen the severity of signs if infected. Consult your veterinarian if your cat is exhibiting signs of this infection to discuss the best combination and modality of treatment and prevention.



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